• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Self-steering axle for a vehicle, with hubs arranged at its ends, which can pivot around a journal under the action of drawbars. The drawbars are operatively connected to the rods of a controlled drive mechanism, and a wheel disc, made in the form of a pulse wheel, is associated with at least one hub of the axle, impulse wheel by means of which the direction of movement of the vehicle can be communicated. The impulse wheel is operably connected to the hub (3,4) and is provided at its periphery with protrusions (15) and recesses (16).
    公开号:BE1019492A3
    申请号:E2011/0731
    申请日:2011-12-21
    公开日:2012-07-03
    发明作者:Flavio Radriazzani
    申请人:R P F S P A；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Self-steering axle for a vehicle.
    The present invention relates to a self-steering axle for a trailer, which is pulled by a tractor or similar vehicle.
    In the state of the art, self-steering axles are known which operate in two directions. These axles perform self-steering processes both during a forward motion and when moving in reverse.
    These axles provide a solution to an existing problem in maneuverability, for example, of a trailer, which is pulled by a tractor.
    To obtain a self-steering axle, it is always necessary to provide that the center of rotation of the steering device is arranged in front of the point of attachment of the wheels.
    The known axles of this kind therefore operate only in a direction of movement and must, for example, be blocked during a movement in reverse, because, when moving in reverse, the pivot axis would be disposed behind the point of rotation of the wheels, which would result in instability of movement of the vehicle.
    To counteract these drawbacks, self-steering axles are made, from the mechanical point of view, so that the axis of pivoting of the direction is displaced between a first determined position and an opposite position, with respect to the point of rotation, which that a vorneliegen rotation point is always formed in the direction of displacement.
    Safety requirements concerning the road traffic of these vehicles do not permit the use of non-controlled axles; for this reason, traction vehicles are equipped with appropriate control devices.
    In this respect, it should be noted that lack of experience or distraction by the driver of the traction unit or unforeseen circumstances may influence the safety of the vehicle. Regardless of the reliability of the safety device and preventive safety measures, devices operated directly by hand, therefore devices that can be operated by the driver, are not allowed. In addition, it is essential to provide safety devices, which are implemented in cases where the control device does not work properly.
    The object of the present invention is therefore to avoid the drawbacks of the state of the art and to propose systems which make it possible to act completely automatically on the piston cylinder units, which are used for control of the wheels both during fast forward movement and low speed travel, and forward and reverse.
    The solution to the problem lies in a self-steering axle for a vehicle, which is equipped at its ends with positionable hubs, which can pivot around a trunnion under the action of drawbars, knowing that the drawbars are connected operatively to the rods of a controlled drive mechanism and that a wheel disk, embodied in the form of a pulse wheel, is associated with at least one hub of the axle, pulse wheel with by means of which the direction of movement of the vehicle can be communicated, knowing that the impulse wheel is operatively connected to the hub and is provided at its periphery with projections 15 as well as recesses 16, and that detectors are arranged in the impulse wheel, the projections or recesses of the impulse wheel acting on the detectors, and the detectors being operatively connected to a control and control unit. control (K), which is operatively connected to control valves 20. 21. 22. 23, for controlling and controlling the hydraulic flow to a first drive mechanism 11 and / or a second drive mechanism. 12, which are provided for the controlled drive of the drawbars 7, 8, 9, 10.
    To control the various movements of the vehicle, is advantageously provided a hydraulic control circuit, by means of which a controlled valve, which is traversed by a hydraulic fluid under pressure, allows a flow of hydraulic fluid to other controlled valves , as well as to a controlled valve 23, for acting on piston cylinder units by means of the pressurized hydraulic fluid, for a forward movement of the vehicle 4 and, by inversion of the valve and action of the hydraulic fluid under pressure on the following valves, as well as by passage through the inverted valve, a biasing of the piston cylinder units takes place, with a view to a rearward movement of the vehicle (FIG. 5) and, by switching of the first valve, as well as subsequent valves, through the valve 23, the inlet openings A1, A2 of the piston cylinder units are loaded and a displacement of the pull rods 11, 12 is simultaneously interrupted.
    Other advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, claims and accompanying drawings.
    Figure 1 shows a top view of a self-steering axle, which is equipped with the corresponding control devices.
    Figure 2 shows a perspective view and partially in section of the left means of the axle.
    Figure 3 shows a front view of a propulsion wheel with the appropriate reading devices for the recognition of the direction of rotation.
    Figure 4 shows the self-steering axle with the corresponding hydraulic switching circuit during a forward motion.
    Figure 5 shows the self-steering axle with the corresponding hydraulic switching circuit during reverse movement.
    Figure 6 shows the self-steering axle with a hydraulic system, which is completely blocked.
    As can be seen in FIG. 1, the self-steering axle according to the invention, designated as a whole by reference numeral 1, consists of a tubular axis 2, which, in a known manner, is provided at its two ends with hubs 3 and 4. These hubs are intended to receive, in the usual way, the wheels of a vehicle (not shown).
    Each hub 3, 4 can pivot about a journal 5, 6 under the action of pull rods 7, 8, 9 and 10 known.
    The drawbars 7, 8, 9, 10 are operatively connected to the drive train drive rods 11, 12.
    As further described later, a pressurized hydraulic fluid can be supplied to and driven from the controlled drive mechanisms 11, 12.
    FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of a hub, which can pivot about a journal 5, knowing that the journal is fixedly connected to the tubular axis 2.
    FIG. 2 shows the housing of the hub 3 in partial section, and a pulse wheel 13, which, arranged inside the hub, rotates in common with said hub in FIG. 2 and acts by means of protrusions 15 and depressions 16 on detectors 14 are operably connected to a control and control unit (K), which will be described even more fully later. Figure 3 shows a top view of the impulse wheel 13, which rotates forward respectively rearwardly, in the direction of travel of the vehicle. FIG. 3 also shows the detectors 14, which are shown only schematically, and each of its detectors 14 is able to record the presence of a projection 15, respectively of a recess 16 of the impulse wheel 13.
    The arrangement of the detectors 14 with respect to the projections and troughs of the impulse wheel 13 is chosen so that the electrical pulses transmitted from the detectors 14 allow the control device of the hydraulic system to recognize the direction of rotation of the wheel. and, therefore, the direction of travel of the vehicle.
    Figures 4, 5 and 6 show the hydraulic circuit with its various functions.
    From FIG. 4 it can be seen that a pump P supplies a valve 20 with hydraulic fluid, which can be reversed so that the hydraulic fluid flows to a first valve 21 or to a second valve 22.
    The valve 21 according to FIG. 4 is inverted by control so that the hydraulic fluid is fed to a valve 23, which drives the hydraulic fluid under pressure to the inlet opening A1 of the piston cylinder unit 12.
    Due to the switching position of the valve 22, the hydraulic fluid can also be fed to the intake opening B2 of the piston cylinder unit 11, causing the vehicle to move forward. In the switching position according to FIG. 5, the valve 20 is reversed so that the pressurized hydraulic fluid reaches, via the inverted valve 21, the inlet B1 of the piston cylinder unit 12, and that the inlet Al of the latter is not influenced by the hydraulic fluid.
    In addition, the valve 22 is reversed so that the pressurized hydraulic fluid reaches, through the valve 23, the inlet A2 of the piston cylinder unit 11, which has the effect that the vehicle executes a controlled movement backwards.
    Finally, as can be seen in FIG. 6, the valve 20 allows the valve 20 for the pressurized hydraulic fluid to arrive simultaneously at the inlet Al of the piston cylinder unit 12 as well as at the intake A2. of the piston cylinder unit 11, through the valves 21, 22, 23.
    In this position, the traction bars 7, 8, 9, 10 are blocked in their movement. In the absence of a change in the direction of movement, the control circuit maintains the last state of the control valves for the cylinders and on the impulse wheel.
    During a disturbance of the operation of the hydraulic circuit, the self-steering axle also maintains the last state of the control valves on the switching circuit.
    When the vehicle has reached a known speed, the control circuit acts on the valves of the hydraulic circuit so that a self-steering operation is interrupted in both directions of travel and that the axle only works as a rigid axle, usable for move straight on.
    The operating speeds of the hydraulic system valves can be set in advance in the control and monitoring system.
    In case of failure of the control unit (K), at the electrical or electronic level, the axle automatically moves in a straight line, as a rigid axle.
    The valve 23 is advantageously in the form of a controlled check valve.
    This valve normally prevents the return of the oil to the intake Al in the position shown in Figure 4 (forward movement), and the intake A2, according to Figure 5 (moving in reverse).
    The suppression of the blocking of a control line, for example of the continuous line 22, according to FIG. 4, takes place under the effect of the control pressure of the hydraulic oil in the pipe in the direction of the valve 21.
    In case of lack of pressure of the hydraulic fluid, the blocking is not open and no reflux of the hydraulic fluid takes place neither to the valve 21 nor to the valve 22, because of which the circuit remains blocked between the valve 23 and the admissions of the cylinders.
    Thanks to the elements shown in Figures 1 to 6, the vehicle can move reliably, with movement in reverse, due to the switching of the valves according to Figure 4.
    Thanks to the switching position of the valves according to FIG. 5, the vehicle can move reliably in forward motion and the hubs of the shaft 2 are blocked when the valves are in the position, represented by FIG. 6.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    1. Self-steering axle for a vehicle, which is equipped at its ends with positionable hubs, which can pivot around a trunnion under the action of drawbars, bearing in mind that the drawbars are operatively connected to the rods. a controlled drive mechanism, characterized in that a wheel disk, made in the form of a pulse wheel (13), is associated with at least one hub (3, 4) of the axle (1 ), impulse wheel by means of which the direction of movement of the vehicle can be communicated, knowing that the impulse wheel (13) is operatively connected to the hub (3, 4) and is provided at its periphery with projections (15) as well as recesses (16), and that detectors (14) are arranged in the vicinity of the impulse wheel (13), projections (15) or recesses (16) of the impulse wheel (13) acting on the detectors, and the detectors (14) being operatively connected to a control and control unit operably connected to control valves for controlling and controlling the hydraulic flow to a first drive mechanism (11) and / or a second drive mechanism (12). ) provided for the controlled drive of the drawbars (7, 8, 9, 10).
    [2]
    2. self-steering axle for a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that a controlled valve (20) which is traversed by a hydraulic fluid under pressure allows a flow of hydraulic fluid to other controlled valves (21, 22) , as well as to a controlled valve (23), for acting on piston cylinder units (11, 12) by means of the hydraulic fluid under pressure, for a forward movement of the vehicle (4) and by inverting the valve (20) and effecting the hydraulic fluid under pressure on the valves (21, 22), as well as passing through the inverted valve (23), biasing the piston cylinder units (11, 12) is made possible for rearward movement (FIG. 5) and, by switching the valve (20) as well as valves (21, 22) via the valve (23). , the inlet openings (A1, A2) of the piston cylinder units (11, 12) are simultaneously biased, to block r a displacement of the drawbars (11, 12).
    [3]
    3. Self-steering axle according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the absence of a change in the direction of travel, or in case of stopping the vehicle or in the case of a defective hydraulic circuit, the last state control valves (20, 21, 22, 23) are maintained.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE4032549C1|1990-10-13|1992-03-12|Bergische Achsenfabrik Fr. Kotz & Soehne, 5276 Wiehl, De|
    FR2876974A1|2004-10-22|2006-04-28|Brochard Constructeur Sarl|Farm trailer, has blocking unit to allow free pivoting of wheels of axle system when trailer is moved forwards, along non-rectilinear trajectory and at speed lower than preset speed|
    FR2882325A1|2005-02-23|2006-08-25|Le Bollan Sarl Soc D Expl Des|Front and rear steering bars controlling device for e.g. agriculture tractor, has electronic unit automatically controlling power pack and solenoid valves to block rear and front bars when vehicle moves reverse and forward, respectively|
    CN107187496A|2017-05-25|2017-09-22|杨翠坤|A kind of liftable suspension turned to for wheel hub motor 180 degree|
    法律状态:
    2014-06-30| RE| Patent lapsed|Effective date: 20131231 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ITMI20111265|2011-07-07|
    ITMI20111265|2011-07-07|
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